Adhyayana Sampradayaniya – 3rd Chapter of Sushruta Samhita

Abstract

Acharya Sushruta is the author of Sushruta Samhita. He is called “The Father of Surgery”. Sushruta Samhita is a classical Ayurvedic text on medicine and surgery. It is one among the Brihat trayees (three great treatises in Ayurveda). It is referred to as the best text for learning Shalya Chikitsa (Surgery). Sushruta Samhita contains 186 adhyaya (chapters) and has described 1,120 types of diseases. This Samhita is divided into two parts namely Purva tantra and Uttara tantra. The Purva tantra contains 5 Sthana. Sutra sthana, Nidana sthana, Sharira sthana, Chikitsa sthana and Kalpa sthana. The Purva Tantra is the oldest part of the Sushruta Samhita whereas Uttar Tantra was made later. In this article, we will discuss Vedotpati Adhayaya which is the first chapter of Sushruta Samhita (Sutra sthana).

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Introduction

Vedotpati is a Sanskrit word. It comprises two words Veda and Utapapti. Veda means knowledge and Utapati means Origin. Origin of knowledge (the science of life) as said by Lord Dhanvantri. In this chapter, Acharya Sushruta has mentioned the definition of Ayurveda, the various branches of Ayurveda, the purpose of Ayurveda, and the importance and features of Shalya tantra (Surgery). He has also described how Ayurveda was propagated, the importance of Purusha (human), vyadhi and its adhisthana (disease and its sites), vyadhi nigraha (ways to control diseases), ahara (diet), aushada (medicine) and sites of diseases caused by external causes.

Ayurvedotpatti (Origin of Ayurveda)

Adhyayana Sampradayaniya is the third chapter of Sushruta Samhita. All the chapters of Sushruta Samhita are mentioned in this chapter. As mentioned in the previous chapter Sushruta Samhita has 120 chapters and these chapters are mentioned in 5 Sthanas. The division of various chapters in these Sthanas is given below:

  1. Sutra Sthana – It contains 46 chapters.
  2. Nidana Sthana – It includes 16 chapters.
  3. Sharira Sthana – It contains 10 chapters.
  4. Chikitsa Sthana – It includes 40 chapters.
  5. Kalpa Sthana – It contains 8 chapters.
  6. Uttar Tantra – It contains 66 chapters.

Chapters Mentioned In Sutra Sthana

  1. Vedotapatti
  2.  Shisyopanayaniya
  3.  Adhyayanasmpradayaniya
  4.  Prabhashaniya
  5. Agroapharaniya
  6. Ritucharya
  7. Yantravidhi
  8. Shastraavcharniya
  9. Yogyasutriya
  10. Vishikhanupraveshaniya
  11. Ksharapakvidhi
  12. Agnikarmavidhi
  13. Jalokavcharniya
  14. Shonitavaraniya
  15. Dosha dhatu mala kshaya vridhi vigyaniya
  16. Karna vyadhbandh vidhi
  17. Ampakveshaniya
  18. Vranaalepan bhandh vidhi
  19. Vranitopasniya
  20. Hithahitiya
  21. Vranaprashana
  22. Vranastrava vigyaniya
  23. Krityakritya vidhi
  24. Vyadhisamudeshiya
  25. Asthavidhshastra karamniya
  26. Pranashtashalaya vigyaniya
  27. Shalyapnayniya
  28. Viprita aviprita vrana vigyaniya
  29. Viprita aviprita duta shakunswapannidarshaniya
  30. Panchindriya artha vipratipati
  31. Chaya vipratipati
  32. Swabhava vipratipati
  33. Avaraniya
  34. Yuktaseniya
  35. Aturopkramniya
  36. Bhumipravibhaga vigyaniya
  37. Mishraka
  38. Dravyasangrahniya
  39. Sanshodhanshamaniya
  40. Dravyarasgunavirya vipaka vigyaniya
  41. Dravya vishesha vigyaniya
  42. Ras vishesha vigyaniya
  43. Vaman dravya vikalpa vigyaniya
  44. Virechan dravya vikalpa vigyaniya
  45. Dravdravya vidhi
  46. Anpan vidhi

Chapters Mentioned In Nidana Sthana

  1. Vata Vyadhi Nidana
  2. Arsha Nidana
  3. Ashmiri Nidana
  4. Bagandar Nidana
  5. Kushtha Nidana
  6. Prameha Nidana
  7. Udar Nidana
  8. Mudagarbha Nidana
  9. Vidradhi Nidana
  10. Visarpadi Nidana
  11. Granthyadi Nidana
  12. Vridhi Nidana
  13. Kshudra roga Nidana
  14. Shuka Dosha Nidana
  15. Bhagna Nidan
  16. Mukha Roga Nidana

Chapters Mentioned In Sharira Sthana

  1. Sarvabhuta Chinta Sharira
  2. Shukra Shonita Shudhi
  3. Garbha avakranti
  4. Garbha vyakaran
  5. Sharirsankhya vyakaran
  6. Pratyak marma nirdesha
  7. Siravarnan vibhakti
  8. Siravyadha vidhi
  9. Dhamni vyakaran
  10. Garbhini vyakaran

Chapters Mentioned In Chikitsa Sthana

  1. Dvivraniya Chikitsa
  2. Sadhovran Chikitsa
  3. Bhagana Chikitsa
  4. Vat vyadhi Chikitsa
  5. Maha vyadhi Chikitsa
  6. Arsha Chikitsa
  7. Ashmari Chikitsa
  8. Bagandar Chikitsa
  9. Kushtha Chikitsa
  10. Mahakushtha Chikitsa
  11. Prameha Chikitsa
  12. Pramehapidika Chikitsa
  13. Madhumeha Chikitsa
  14. Udar Chikitsa
  15. Mudagarbha Chikitsa
  16. Vidradhi Chikitsa
  17. Visarpa Chikitsa
  18. Granthi Chikitsa
  19. Vridhi Chikitsa
  20. Kshudra roga Chikitsa
  21. Shuka roga Chikitsa
  22. Mukha roga Chikitsa
  23. Shofa Chikitsa
  24. Anagatbadhapratishedhaniya
  25. Mishraka Chikitsa
  26. Kshinabaliya vajikaran
  27. Sarvabadh shamniya rasayan
  28. Medhayushakamiya rasayan
  29. Swabhava vyadhi pratishedhaniya rasayan
  30. Nivritasantapiya rasayan
  31. Snehopyogika
  32. Svedavcharniya
  33. Vamanvirechan sadhyopdrava
  34. Vaman virechan vyapat
  35. Netra basti praman pratibhav
  36. Netra basti vyapada
  37. Anuvasan basti
  38. Niruhakrama
  39. Aturopadrava Chikitsa
  40. Dhuma nasyaadi vidhi Chikitsa

Chapters Mentioned In Kalpa Sthana

  1. Anapan raksha Vijyana
  2. Sthavar Visha Vigyana
  3. Jangama Visha Vigyana
  4. Sarpadashta Visha Vigyana
  5. Sarpadashta Visha Chikitsita
  6. Dundubhisavniya Kalpa
  7. Mushik Kalpa
  8. Kitta Kalpa

Chapters Mentioned In Uttara Tantra

Given below are the 26 chapters of Uttar Tantra which constitute Shalakya Tantra:

  1. Aupadravika Adhyaya
  2. Sandhigata roga Vigyana
  3. Vartamagata roga Vigyana
  4. Shuklagata roga Vigyana
  5. Krishnagata roga Vigyana
  6. Sarvagata roga Vigyana
  7. Drishtigata roga Vigyana
  8. Chikitsa Pravibhaga Vigyaniya
  9. Vatabhishyand Pratishedha
  10. Pittaabhishyanda Pratisheda
  11. Shleshmabhishayanda Pratisheda
  12. Raktaabhishyanda Pratisheda
  13. Lekhayay roga Pratisheda
  14. Bheda roga Pratisheda
  15. Cheda roga Pratisheda
  16. Paksham roga Pratisheda
  17. Drishtigata roga Pratisheda
  18. Kriya Kalpa
  19. Nayan abhighata Pratisheda
  20. Karangata roga Vigyaniya
  21. Karangata roga Pratisheda
  22. Nasagata roga Vigyaniya
  23. Nasagata roga Pratisheda
  24. Pratishayaya Pratisheda
  25. Shiroroga vigyaniya
  26. Shiroroga Pratisheda

Given below are 12 chapters of Uttar Tantra which along with Sharira Sthanaconstitiute Kumara Tantra:

  1. Navagrahakriti Vigyaniya
  2. Sakanda graha Pratisheda
  3. Skanda Apasmara Pratisheda
  4. Shakuni Pratisheda
  5. Revati Pratisheda
  6. Putna Pratisheda
  7. Andhaputna Pratisheda
  8. Shitaputna Pratisheda
  9. Mukhamandika Pratisheda
  10. Negmesha Pratisheda
  11. Grahotpatti
  12. Yonivyapad Pratisheda

Given below are the chapters which come under Kaya Chikitsa;

  1. Jvara Pratisheda
  2. Atisara Pratisheda
  3. Shosha Pratisheda
  4. Gulma Pratisheda
  5. Hridya roga Pratisheda
  6. Pandu Roga Pratisheda
  7. Paktapitta Pratisheda
  8. Murcha Pratisheda
  9. Panatya Pratisheda
  10. Trishna Pratisheda
  11. Chardi Pratisheda
  12. Hikka Pratisheda
  13. Shwasa Pratisheda
  14. Kasa Pratisheda
  15. Swarabheda Pratisheda
  16. Krimi roga Pratisheda
  17. Udavarta Pratisheda
  18. Visuchika Pratisheda
  19. Arochak Pratishoda
  20. Mutraghata Pratisheda
  21. Mutrakricha Pratisheda

Given below are three chapters that come under Bhuta Vidya:

  1. Amanushopsarga Pratisheda
  2. Apasmara Pratisheda
  3. Unmada Pratisheda

Given below are four chapters that come under Tantrabhushana:

  1. Rasabheda Vikalpa
  2. Swasthvritta
  3. Tantrayukti
  4. Doshabheda vikalpa

Various Acharyas have called Uttar Tantra the Great Tantra. This is because this tantra has mentioned the meaning of various other Tantra like Shalakyadi Tantra. Being the last Tantra it is called as Uttar Tantra.
Shalakya Tantra, Komara Tantra, Kaya Chikitsa and Bhuta Vidya are mentioned in Uttar Tantra. Vajikaran and Rasayan vidhi are mentioned in Chikitsa Sthana. Visha Tantra is mentioned in Kalpa Sthana and Shalya Shastra is mentioned in all the Sthanas.

Qualities Of A Good Physician

  • The physician should have knowledge of Shastras.
  • The physician should know Snehan, Sweden, Panchkarma, and Asthavidha Shastra karma.

Method To Study

The student should be clean, he/she should obey the teacher, work efficiently and avoid sleep and laziness.The student who is interested to go beyond studies should always have clarity in speech, good understanding and practice studying constantly.

Conclusion

In this way, we have a clear image of all the chapters which are written in various Sthanas in Sushruta Samhita and a good physician is one who not only has theoretical knowledge but should have practical knowledge too.