Danti, Red Physic Nut (Baliospermum montanum)

Danti, Baliospermum montanum

Description of plant

Danti (Baliospermum montanum) is monoecious and stout undershrub that grows up to 1.8mt in height. This plant has herbaceous branches that are arising from the roots. Upper branches bear small lanceolate leaves and lower branches have 3-5 lobed large, simple and sinuate-toothed leaves. Flowers are unisexual and are numerous arranged in axillary racemes. Male flower’s calyx is round, membranous, long and finely mottled with 5-6 disc glands. Female flowers are small, hairy and have ovate and lanceolate sepals. Fruits of this plant are three lobed capsules. Seeds are mottled, smooth and contains oily endosperms. Flowers appears in month of January and February and fruits appears one month later.

General information

Danti is shade loving plant grows in well humid climate. Red physic nut, wild castor, wild croton and wild sultan seeds are various common names of this herb. It is medicinal herb used in ayurvedic medicine for various diseases. For various medicinal purposes leaves, dantimool or dried root is used. Seeds and roots of this plant are purgatives. The solvents and extract of root is anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immune stimulatory and hepato-protective in nature. It contains various chemical constituents like glycoterpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, titerpenoids, diterpenes, saponins and flavonoids. Leaves of this plant are anti-asthmatic and have wound healing properties.

Special note about Danti (Danti shodhana)

According to Charaka for the purification of dantimool danti roots are coated in paste of pippali and madhuka. After that this mass is wrapped in grass, tied and wrapped under the mud covering. This wrapped mass is heated to reduce the toxicity of dantimool.

Habitat

Danti is widely distributed throughout the sub Himalayan tracts from khasi hills to Kashmir. It is easily available in Bengal, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and peninsular India.

Classification

Kingdom – Plantae
Order – Malpighiales
Family – Euphorbiaceae

Names

Latin name – Baliospermum montanum
English name – Red physic nut, Wild castor, Wild croton
Hindi name – Danti, Hakum, Hakun
Bengali name – Danti, Hakun
Gujarati name – Dantimul, Jamalgota
Marathi name – Danti
Telugu name – Ettadungida, Kanakapata
Tamil name – Kattamaraku, Niradimutta
Malayalam name – Dantika, Katalavanakku, Nagadanti
Oriya name – Donti
Burma name – Natcho
Persian name – Bedanjirekhatai
Arabic name – Habbussalantinebarri

Ayurvedic Properties

Hindi / Sanskrit		English
Rasa	Katu	Taste	Pungent
Guna	Guru, Tikshna	Physical Property	Heavy, Sharp
Virya	Ushna	Potency	Hot
Vipaka	Katu	Metabolic Property (After Digestion)	Pungent

Effects on dosha

It balances pitta and kapha dosha.

Charak Samhita	Sushrut Samhita	Vagbhata
Bhedniya – Herbs used in purgation Moolini dravas – Herbs having roots as mainly used part.	Shamayadi, adhobhaghara	Shamayadi

Rajnighantu

According to Rajnighantu, there are two types of danti:-

Danti (Laghu Danti)
Dravanti (Brehat Danti)

Ancient Verse about Danti

Ancient verse about Danti

According to first shalok, Laghu danti and brhat danti are two types of danti. Laghudanti, vishalya, udumberparni, erandpahla, shighra, sheyanghanta, ghunpriya, barahangi, nikhumbh, and mukulak are various synonyms of laghu danti. Dravanti, shambri, chitra, pratyakparni, akhuparni, upchitra, shrutshroni, naygrodhi and vrisha are synonyms of brahat danti. Its leaves and branches resemble to castor. Both are pungent in taste, hot potency and has sharp properties and act as purgative and stimulant. Danti is used to cure hemorrhoids, calculi, abdominal pain, itching, leprosy, burning sensation, inflammation, abdominal disorders, bleeding disorders and worm infestation.
According to second shalok, Laghu danti is sweet in taste, have cold potency, good for both urination and purgation. It is used to pacify kapha dosha and used to treat poisoning and inflammation.

Practical Uses of Danti (Baliospermum montanum)

Danti is blood purifier and paste of danti roots and seeds are used to reduce edema and pain. Both act as analgesics to relieve pain.
This herb has antipyretic properties and used to treat fever. This herb is also anti-inflammatory and used to reduce inflammation. Decoction of danti is used in pittaj jawara.
Roots are laxative and highly purgative in nature. Seeds and root powder of this herb is used to relieve constipation and it is best used for patients of piles.
Danti leaves are found to be very beneficial for the sufferers of jaundice.
Decoction of Leaves are used to treat asthma and bronchitis by pacifying kapha dosha. Paste of danti leaves are applied for quick healing of wounds.
Externally seeds of danti are used as stimulant and rubefacient. This herb is very effective in abdominal pain, bloating and abdominal tumors.
Roots of this herb are pungent, heating and diuretic in nature. It is also used in hemorrhoids, abdominal tumors and enlarged spleen.
External use of root paste over pile mass causes reduction in pain, swelling and shrinkage of pile mass.
Seed oil of danti is very effective in treating vata disorders like paralysis, sciatica, gout and neurological disorders etc.
Seed paste is also applied in poisoning of snake bites.
Danti is used to pacify pitta and kapha dosha.